TUMASYO ARROUND THE WORLD

Archive for June, 2011

Angkor Wat is a temple situated in Cambodia and is considered one of the wonders of the world. She was built by King Suryavarman II in the mid-12th century. Construction of Angkor Wat temple took 30 years. Angkor Wat is located in the plains are also filled with buildings of Angkor temples, a beautiful-beautiful, but Angkor Wat is the most famous temples on the plain of Angkor.

King Suryavarman II build Angkor Wat according to Hindu belief that laid the mountain Meru as the center of the world and is home to Hindu deities, with Angkor Wat’s central tower is the tallest tower and the main tower within the built Angkor Wat.

As the tale of Mount Meru, the temples of Angkor Wat is surrounded by walls and canal representing the sea and the mountains that encircle the globe. The main entrance to Angkor Wat and a half kilometer along the railing decorated with hand holder and flanked by man-made sea that are recognized as Barays.

The entrance to the temple of Angkor Wat through the gate, representing jambatan rainbow that connects between the natural world with the nature of the gods.

Angkor Wat is in good shape compared to other temples in the plains due to Angkor Wat Angkor has been exchanged into berterusan kuilBuddha and used to replace the trust if the trust Hindu Buddha at Angkor in the 13th century. Angkor temples never colonized by Siam in 1431.

For centuries, the area around the Mekong River delta and Central Cambodia, under the authority of the Kingdom of Java (now Indonesia). But in the year 802, Khmer prince Jayavarman II, who was born and raised in the palace of the kingdom of Java during the Sailendra dynasty, declared that the territory inhabited by Khmer people, apart from Java. And then establish a new kingdom, the kingdom of Angkor.

Prince Javawarman II was crowned as Devaraja (divine king) by a Brahman priest. In subsequent years, Jayavarman repeatedly move his capital. First in Indrapura (east of Kampong Cham), then to Wat Phou (Laos is now the south end) and last in Rolous (near Angkor).

In the year 889, Yasovarman I became king of Khmer. He began to build Angkor, which was later renamed Yasodharapura. RajaYasovarman ruled until 900.

In 1002, Suryavarman I seize the throne. Under his rule, the Angkor empire expanded to the areas that now are Thailand and Laos.

In 1080, after Angkor was conquered by the kingdom of Champa, the northernmost province of Khmer governor declared himself king, bearing the name of Jayavarman VI. He’s new Khmer empire ruled from the northernmost province of Khmer. In 1113, a nephew of Jayavarman VI is crowned king of Khmer royal. He chose to bear the name of Suryavarman II. During his reign, Angkor Wat was built.

In 1177, Angkor re-conquered by the troops of Champa. Jayavarman VII, the nephew of Suryavarman II, became king in 1181 and later conquest of Vijaya, the capital of the kingdom of Champa (now Vietnam). Under the reign of Jayavarman VII, Khmer territory expands, even the largest of which once belonged. Capacity reached Thailand and Laos, even up to Myanmar, Malaysia and Vietnam. Jayavarman VII changed the religion from Hinduism to Buddhism and made Buddhism the national religion is new.

In 1200, Angkor Thom as the capital of the new kingdom, began to be built. Construction of Angkor Thom is very large, have drained the sources of wealth of the Khmer Empire. So that in subsequent years, the Khmer have problems in the economy.

In the following decades, began to seem a setback at Angkor. In the West, Thai kingdoms dominated the political powers. In the East, monarchies Vietnam increasingly uphill. As a small country, Cambodia to try to survive.

Khmer kingdom relies heavily on the Tai kingdoms and Vietnam. To be freed from the oppression one country conquering, Khmer needed help from other powerful countries. But the Khmer have to pay all its debts as payment of compensation.

In 1432, after Angkor was reconquered by the royal Thai, Khmer people leave the capital and lived in the jungle.

Hagia Sophia (“Holy Wisdom”), Sancta Sophia in Latin or Aya Sofya in Turkish, is a former church building (basilica) and the mosque, now a museum in Istanbul. Because it has two functions, namely as mosques and churches, the museums can be found two symbols for Christians and Muslims.

Period Byzantine Empire

Until 1453, the Hagia Sophia is the cathedral church (basilica) Byzantines built by Constantius, the son of Constantine the Great. The church is frequently hit by earthquakes and downs, although the dome-shaped building is made. On 7 May 558, at the time of Emperor Justinian, the eastern dome collapsed after an earthquake hit. On October 26 986, during the reign of Emperor Basil II (958-1025, again affected by the earthquake.

Finally, extensive renovations carried out so as not affected by the earthquake at the beginning of the 14th century. The specialty of this building is situated on a large dome shape and height. Tenghnya size 30 m. Fundamennya high and 54 m. The interior is decorated with mosaics and frescoes, its pillars are made of colored marble, and walls adorned with carvings.

Ottoman Turkish Period

When Sultan Mehmed II conquered Constantinople on Tuesday, May 27, 1453 and entered the city, Mehmed II dismounted and prostrated thanks to God, then go to the Church of Hagia Sophia into a mosque and ordered the change known as the Aya Sofia. Jum’atnya directly converted into mosques for Friday prayers.

Various modifications to the building to be done to fit the pattern and style of mosque building. At the time of Mehmed II (1444-1446 and 1451-1481) built the tower in the south. Selim II (1566-1574) to build two towers and convert part of the building is characterized by the church. Including changing the sign of the cross on display at the top of the dome was decorated with a crescent moon.

So for nearly 500 years the Hagia Sophia serves as a mosque. The statue, cross, and his paintings had been removed or covered with paint.

The period of ‘Modern’

In 1937, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk changed the status of Hagia Sophia into a museum. Begin the project “The demolition of Hagia Sophia”. Some parts of the walls and ceilings scraped from paints calligraphy until rediscovered paintings of sacred Christian.

Since then, the Aya Sofya mosque as one of famous tourist attraction by the Turkish government in Istanbul. Historical value covered the Byzantine architectural style fascinating.

The letters in the Hagia Sophia Mosque

Here exhibited letters that show the greatness of the caliph in the Ottoman caliphate ensure, protect, and prosperity of its citizens or foreigners indiscriminately asylum seekers. The oldest is the letter of the land certificate given in 1519 to Jewish refugees who fled from the cruel Spanish Inquisition after the fall of Islamic rule in al-Andalus.

Then a letter of thanks from the Government of the United States for food aid sent kholifah to it being hit by hunger (after the war with England) the 18th century. Then letters of guarantee protection to the King of Sweden who expelled the Russians and exiled to kholifah dancing at 7 Agustus1709.

Letter dated 13 Robi’ul End 1282 H (5 September1865) who gave permission and the cost of the 30 families who emigrated to Greece Rusianamun back to the caliphate, because in Russia they were just miserable. The latest is a free allowance of luggage regulations of the Russians who seek exile to the caliphate after the Bolshevik Revolution of 25 Desember1920 M.

Here, approximately 100 samples exhibited a remarkable letter, either directed or issued to kholifah. Unfortunately, you’ll enjoy all the evidence if it is as if a proof of the greatness of the Turks, did not emanate from the creed, the Shari’ah and Islamic Khilafah system.