TUMASYO ARROUND THE WORLD

Archive for April, 2011

Site Chichen Itza is a Mayan civilization in Mexico in the century 800 BC. Pyramid of Kukulcan at the complex historic site is believed to be the center of political and economic activities that the Mayan civilization located on the Yucatan Peninsula (now the territory of Mexico). Itza merupkan central point of a complex of other buildings such as the Pyramid of Kukulcan, Temple of Chac Mool, and building the Thousand Pillars.

Temple Chichen Itza is a Mayan archaeological heritage of the most complete and well preserved. Sites of Mayan civilization in Mexico, on July 7, 2007, was selected as one of the seven wonders of the world chosen by 100 million people via email and sms (short message service) held by the Swiss Foundation.

According to the book culture of the Mayan Chilam Balam, the temple complex was built between the years 502-522 AD. The Mayans only occupied it for 200 years, then they move to coastal areas in Campeche. Yet another version says, Chichen Itza was built around 800 BC.

Pyramid of Kukulcan at the complex historic site is believed to be the center of political and economic activities that the Mayan civilization located on the Yucatan Peninsula (now the territory of Mexico).

Itza is the central point of a complex of other buildings such as the Pyramid of Kukulcan, Temple of Chac Mool, and building the Thousand Pillars.

In the temple of Chichen Itza, there are two cenotes (natural wells) is used as a place to put sacrifice. That said, the tribe of Mayan Indians who inhabited the city was offering jade, ceramics, and even humans to be included in the well. The offerings were given when the drought struck.

Offerings are sometimes in the form of young girls to put alive into the well. The role of the well is so important because in the Yucatan Peninsula there is no river. The only source of water when the drought hit is from those wells.

The name Chichen Itza means any springs on the lips of the people in the local Indian language. Thus, Chichen Itza was developed into the center of Maya culture and economic governance.

That said, Chichen Itza is a symbol of worship and of science. Chichen Itza was founded Toltec king named Quetzalcoatlyang tribe came to the Yucatan Peninsula with his troops. It was the Maya have lived in the area, then together Toltec tribes, began to build the temple that resembles a pyramid. Thus, the peak period of Chichen Itza is a mixture of Toltec and Maya cultures.

One of the largest temples established is Kukulkan. Based on the Mayan legend, the god Kukulkan Headed Snake incarnation of Quetzalcoatl. Temple of Kukulkan pyramid bertangga, with terraces. On each side of the rectangular pyramid there are stairs to the summit. At the top there is the entrance to the room Crown King Stone Jaguar Kukulkan, which was painted red and moss green spots.

At Chichen Itza there are also a field game similar to basketball games today. Games ‘pok ta pok’ ie throwing the ball through a circle on a wall 7 meters above the ground. Captain of the team that first successfully fired the ball will be beheaded as a sacrifice to the gods.

In 1221, rebellion broke out. Wood roofs, markets and temples burned knights. Power over any move to Mayapan Yucatan, until the Spanish conquerors arrived.

This temple complex is quite wide and each temple separated from each other with each other. In the middle stands the temple of El Castilo (Palace) a complete renovation. The shape is a pyramid, only the roof blunt. Seeing the temple El Castilo reminiscent of the temple Sukuh in Karanganyar, Solo Indonesia. Both temples are like twins brothers. The special of El Castilo temple is towards the upper terraces of the temple. Any date 21Maret and September 23 between day and night equal length. At that time in the day, the steps of the temple in shadow. So that our eyes deceived, as if there were a lot of snakes up the temple. But the next day at the same time will seem as if the snake down the steps.

Around the temple complex there is a statue called the Red Jaguar. According to Bishop Landa, in this place that often held ceremonies. The victims consisted of leopard (Jaguar), turtles, turkeys, dogs or any animal heart. Even sometimes the victims are human too.

Around the temple complex was also found that eight patungChac Mool. Human-shaped statue in a sitting position up. Both offerings and tanggannya was holding her head turned toward the left. Chac Mool to worship the god of rain.

Still in Chichen Itza complex there are two walls of the same height. Arena between the two walls that the Maya used to play ball. It is possible that the ball made of rubber, given around the area to grow rubber trees. Not only the Mayas who likes to play ball, but also tribal Zapotek.

Petra (“rock” in Greek; Arabic, al-Bitra) is a arkeologikal sites in Jordan, located in the lowlands between the mountains which form the eastern wing of Wadi Araba, a large valley that starts from Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. Petra is a city founded by chiseling stone walls in Jordan. Petra comes from the Greek meaning ‘stone’. Petra is the symbol and protection techniques.

Petra is a city founded by chiseling on stone walls in Jordan. Petra is a Greek word which means ‘stone’.

Petra is the symbol and protection techniques. This word refers to the city building made of stone-batudi Wandi Araba, a bercadasdi Jordan valley. The city was founded by multiplying and carved rocks as high as 40 meters.

Petra was the capital of the Nabatean kingdom. Founded in 9SM-40M by King Aretas IV as we that are difficult to penetrate the enemy and secure from natural disasters such as sandstorms.

Nabatean building irrigation sisitem petra with incredibly complex. There is a tunnel of water and water chambers that deliver clean water to the city, thus preventing banjirmedadak. They also have hydraulic technology to lift water.

There is also a theater that can accommodate 4,000 people. Today, the Palace Restaurant, who has obtained high Hellenitis still stands an impressive 42 meters there.

Petra could be about 3-5 hour road trip from Amman, Jordan, was once the capital of the Nabatean tribe, one of the groups of Arabs who lived before the advent of the Romans.

Actually, the origin of Nabatean tribes not known for sure. They were known as nomads who travel to various parts of the herd of camels and sheep.

Residents initial Petra is pagan. Their main god is Dushara, who worshiped in the form of black stone and irregular-shaped. Dushara worshiped side by side with Allat, ancient dewiArab.

They are very adept at making underground water tanks to collect water that can be used when they travel far. Thus, wherever they are, they can make excavation for water lines to meet their needs for clean water.

At the end of the 4th century BC, the development of world trade makes ventured Nabatean tribes began to participate in world trade. World trade routes began to flourish in the southern part of Jordan and south of the Dead Sea. They then use their position of strategic housing as one of the world trade routes.

Nabatean tribe could eventually become successful merchants, with the trade of incense, spices and ivory, among others, came from Arab parts of southern and eastern India.

A strategic location to develop business and life, as well as safe to protect themselves from strangers that’s the reason Nabatean tribes decided to settle in the territory of the rocks of Petra.

To maintain the prosperity that has been achieved, they are collecting customs duties and taxes to the local traders or from outside the entrance to it. Nabatean tribes finally managed to create an international city a unique and unusual.

Petra was originally built for defensive purposes. But lately, the city is filled with tens of thousands of citizens that developed into a city located in the path of trade because the distribution of goods between Europe and the Middle East.

In the year 106 AD, Petra Romawimencaplok, thus weakening the role of trade lane. Around the year 700 AD, the hydraulic system and some of its main buildings crumbled into rubble. Petra was slowly disappearing from the map of the earth at that time and living legend.

It was only in 1812, Swiss adventurer Johann Burckhardt enter the city disguised as a Muslim. The legend of Petra was meruak back in modern times, is remembered as a symbol of engineering and defense.

Petra in Jordan, is the archaeological site. Petra surrounded by mountains. Here there are mountains as high as 1350 meters above sea level. This is the highest region in this area called Mount Aaron (Jabal Harun) or Mount Hor or El-Barra.

Mount Aaron’s most frequently visited by people. The visitors believe, at the peak of Jabal Harun this, the Prophet Aaron died and was buried by the Prophet Moses.

In the 14th century AD, a mosque built here with a white kubahberwarna seen from various areas around Petra. Aaron arrived in the territory of Jordan when accompanied Moses brought his people out of Egypt from the pursuit of King Pharaoh.

In the 1st century BC, the Kingdom of Nabataea rich and powerful, reaching areas in the north of Damascus and the Dead Sea in the south. At that time, Petra has been inhabited about 30 thousand inhabitants. In the great temple was built.

Year of the 100-AD, the Romans once ruled this region. Architecture in Petra was influenced Romanesque architecture.

In 600 AD, Petra was built the church. The 7th century AD, Islamhadir, and in the 14th century, the tomb of the Prophet Aaron at Jabal Harun became a shrine of the Muslims, but Jews and Christians.

At the age of 10 years, Prophet Muhammad never been to the mountain with his uncle.

After the Crusades in the 12th century, Petra had become ‘lost city’ for over 500 years (lost city). Only the local population (Bedouins) who knew him in the Arab region.

The Kremlin is a historic fortress in central Moscow was built of brick in the 15th century. The length of the wall more than 2 km, height up to 19 m, width 3.5 to 6.5 m, breadth of 27.5 ha. The Kremlin has 20 towers. The most famous of them is Spasskaya Tower (height 67.3 m) in diameter at 6 m. In the Kremlin there is the old relics like the churches with cemeteries-czar czar of Russia. Here too there is a hall where there are weapons in a variety of heirlooms, including horse-drawn carriage, crown, clothes, jewelry and weapons belonging to the tsar.

Kremlin, Moscow, not just the center of the Russian government. Nor is it merely a fortified complex and towers at one end was the dominance of the stars with red and green colors. The Kremlin is also a place to learn and enjoy the rich history, culture, religion, architecture, and art of Russia.

From the outside, often times the existing buildings in the Kremlin do not appear attractive. But, try to get into, splendor and beauty of previously unimaginable will make us fascinated and amazed.

In late May, when summer is occasionally accompanied by rain, the group of reporters Asia, Australia, and Dubai to enjoy the charm of Moscow together with Singapore Airlines. Since a few months ago, Singapore Airlines to open routes from Jakarta to Singapore-Moscow via Dubai.

For centuries, the Kremlin became the witness of many famous and tragic events in the course of Russian history. The weapons the enemy tried to tear down the walls of the Kremlin is sturdy. Celebration and rebellion turns going around the Kremlin. However, the Kremlin is now still standing strong and the main attraction of Moscow.

Now the Kremlin, Moscow, is one of the largest museums in the world. Signs of the Russian state, the pictures are incredibly beautiful, property czar of Russia, up to a stunning cathedral can be seen here. Kesohoran it blends with the Kremlin Red Square which is now entered as a cultural heritage protected by UNESCO, a United Nations agency.

Inside the map are commonly provided to tourists, the location of the Kremlin are so conspicuous. Kremlin complex which almost resembles a triangular shape with 20 tower has a variety of cathedrals, museums, to the beautiful palaces. Outside the fort, there is Red Square in the center of attention at Saint Basil’s Cathedral which has a brightly colored domes, Lenin’s Tomb, GUM shopping center, and the History Museum of the building is red.

Moscow is the capital of the Russian empire under Ivan the Great in the 15th century. Moscow lost its status as the capital when Peter the Great moved to Saint Petersburg in 1721. Nevertheless, Moscow continues as a center of culture and industry.

Greatness of Moscow as the seat of government of the Soviet Union back in 1918, in Lenin’s government. Some places in the Kremlin is open to the public and visited by many tourists. Because the Kremlin is also a center of government, sometimes it’s tourist places closed to the public without prior notice. “To come here was better in groups arranged by travel agents. Often tourists disappointed because it was coming but could not get in,” says Irine Alexandrova, our tour guide.

Places frequented by, among others, the Armory Museum is the oldest museum in Russia. Collections are so amazing, such as jewelry, weapons, wealth and property empire. Formerly Armory is a room that was built in the days of Tsar Nicholas I in 1840 to save the Kremlin’s growing collection, consisting of jewelry, embroidered clothing, robes of state / official, weapons, items of mail, and a statue or picture of a saint.

Unfortunately in this museum visitors can not take pictures. In fact, collections are beautiful and charming attractive to be photographed. There are collections of garments, crown, throne, and trains from medieval Russia through the 20th century. Collections enough attention is stealing the eggs with a variety of sizes and studded with beautiful stones that are traditionally exchanged at Easter between the czar and tsarita every year.

Cathedral in the Kremlin are also to be missed. From the outside it looks unattractive, just a building with white paint on it there were a mosque dome-like dome of yellow gold. But go to the cathedral, the walls filled with beautiful paintings. Truly mesmerizing. Unfortunately again, visitors should not be photographed.

Another collection that is here is that a cannon cannon Emperor’s oldest and largest in the world. Then there is the bell that is placed on the floor Emperor partially broken. Guides usually advise visitors to touch this bell and praying because the bell is considered to be able to give good luck.

Grief behind the beauty

Visiting Moscow in the summer, when day length because the sun never really sank at 22:00, a good time to enjoy the rich history, culture, and other popular places in Moscow. At least for the Kremlin and Red Square are spacious and attractive.

Red Square with a length of 695 meters and 130 meters wide was famous as a military parade and other celebrations. The word “red” instead of some stronghold of the dominant red or communist symbol. But the “red” in Russian also refers to the meaning of beautiful.

Each building in Red Square has its own legend. Here there are graves of Lenin, right in front of the fortress of the Kremlin, Saint Basil’s Cathedral is famous for its beauty, GUM shopping center, as well as the History Museum.

Body of Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin’s embalmed can be seen publicly since she died in 1924. On the day Lenin died, the Government of the Soviet Union received 10,000 telegrams from all over Russia, which demanded that Lenin’s body could be seen the next generation. Each of January 21, this tomb was visited a lot of people who send flowers. Next to Lenin’s body there is also a body of Joseph Stalin, who died on December 31, 1953.

A striking beauty of Red Square is the Cathedral of Saint Basil. Towers of the cathedral has a unique characteristic with attractive colors.

However, behind the beauty of the cathedral that was built when Ivan the Terrible to power in the 15th century saved the story of grief. The architect, Postnik Yakovlev, accidentally blinded on the orders of Ivan to prevent him from building a more beautiful cathedral of Saint Basil. The cathedral was built to commemorate Ivan the Terrible success against the Tartars Mongolia in 1552 in the siege of the city of Kazan.

The cathedral consists of nine chapels with the uniqueness of each symbol was designed based on strong beliefs, and is intended to provide an overview of the New Jerusalem, the Kingdom of Heaven described in the Book of Revelation.

The beauty of Saint Basil is also tempting Napoleon. He insisted on going to move the cathedral to Paris, but there is no adequate technology. Napoleon ordered that the cathedral was destroyed by detonating gunpowder, but a sudden rain. The destruction was total failure.

During the communist regime under the Bolsheviks, the cathedral was closed and the church leaders were killed. Furthermore, during the reign of Stalin, his close friend, Lazar Kaganovich, who served as Director of Planning Reconstruction Red Square, suggested that the cathedral was demolished.

The goal that the vast Red Square as well as facilitate the movement of public parades and vehicle movement on the ground.

Luckily Stalin rejected the idea. The rejection was thanks to the courage architect and observer of Russian culture, P Baranovsky. When ordered to tear down the church, he refused and threatened to cut her throat.

Then he sent a telegram at length about his refusal that. Stalin eventually undo the destruction and as a reward, Baranovsky was rewarded with five years in prison.

Another beautiful cathedral outside the Kremlin is the Cathedral of the Savior Jesus. The dome of the luminous yellow and large structures of the new cathedral building seen in all central Moscow and is the largest church in Russia. The original church was built Konstantin Ton in 1839-1881 to commemorate the Russian victory against Napoleon. In 1933 the church was destroyed on the orders of Stalin.

Orthodox cathedral in all of the walls full of religious paintings of saints was rebuilt in the 1990s. In this church, visitors can see the symbol of Russia’s spiritual revival after the Communists ruled.

When tired of walking around the Kremlin, many tourists are boating on the River Moscow. With down this river, we can still see the landmarks identified with the Kremlin, Moscow. In the middle of the river there is also the Statue of Peter the Great. With the cost of 250 rubles to 150 rubles for adults and children, for one hour visitors enjoy the beauty of Moscow, including through Gorky Park.

Landscape trees and saw young couples chatting on benches also gives the impression of its own. Well, what about New York? Great potential in the old city could have worked well for tourism and nostalgia….

CHRIST Redeemer or Christ the Redeemer (Portuguese: Cristo Redentor) is a statue of Jesus Christ with the largest Art Deco architectural style and located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The statue has a height of 38 meters and is located at the top of Corcovado Mountain is 710 m high in the Tijuca Forest National Park, overlooking the city. This statue is a symbol of Christianity, and became a symbol of city pride. This statue of an open hand be seen by many as a sign of the warmth of the Brazilian population.

The idea to build a large statue atop Corcovado had emerged since the mid 1850′s, when Katolik Priest Pedro Maria Boss requested financing from Princess Isabel to build a large religious monument.

Princess Isabel did not respond gagsan, which was then altogether forgotten in 1889, when Brazil became a republic, with laws requiring the separation of church and state.

The second proposal for a large landmark statue on the mountain was made in 1921 by the Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro. The archdiocese organized an event called Semana do Monumento (“Monument Week”) to attract donations, which came mostly from Brazilian Catholics.

The designs considered for the “Statue of Christ” included a representation of the Christian cross, a statue of Jesus with a globe in his hand, and a pedestal symbolizing the world. Eventually the statue of Christ the Redeemer with open arms selected.

Christ Redeemer was designed by Heitor da Silva Costa and the chisel by Frenchman Paul Landowski. Project done for 9 years from 1922 until October 12, 1931, at a cost of U.S. $ 250,000.

The statue is made from a mixture of concrete and stone. When the construction of railway built to carry large pieces of sculpture to the top of the mountain. The statue was inaugurated on October 12, 1931.

To see the statue up close have to climb 220 stairs. But on January 20, 2003 have been built elevators and sekalator. So do not bother anymore.